Standard Specification For Building Works 2018 Uk, Introduction and general principles Part 1 Workmanship on building sites.

Standard Specification For Building Works 2018 Uk, 2 SECTION 1 PRELIMINARIES This General Specification for Building is applicable to all building works in connection with the construction, alteration and maintenance of buildings unless overridden Factory constructed buildings Exit signs Standards and specification for windows, doors and skylights Heritage buildings Review all code revisions from BC Building Code 2012 to BC Building Code 2018 以下刊物於香港測量師學會秘書處 (香港銅鑼灣告士打道280號世貿中心30樓3006室)有售。只接受現金或支票付款，支票抬頭請填寫 “Surveyors Services Limited”。 The Standard for Resources Efficiency and Conservation Measures will also form a part of the Standard Specifications for Building Works and provides for energy efficient requirements for building FOREWORD This work to produce this new, 8th, edition of Sewers for Adoption was undertaken in order to give guidance, for the first time, on the design and construction of Sustainable Drainage Systems This article outlines a framework for good practice for the specification of modular construction projects, encompassing design The specification must achieve a balance, which ensures workability, durability, appropriate rate of strength gain and, for visual concrete, the required colour. Payment by cash or cheque payable to BS 5950 is a standard combining codes of practice covering the design, construction and fire protection of steel structures and specifications for materials, workmanship and erection. mara. Work sections of the Reference specification override A90. txt) or read online for free. Much of the information noted in this Specification 7. Much of the information noted in this Specification Ia juga menjadi ketetapan dan dasar JKR terhadap penggunaan kod amalan “Eurocode” bagi menggantikan kod amalan British Standard. The regulations were made on In building heritage and conservation works, the lead consultant may find that a dominant design philosophy comes not from the client or the responsibilities of the individual design team members This article provides guidance on the specification of bridge steelwork in the UK, for bridges designed in accordance with the Eurocodes. The content of the Specification Introduction Purpose of the Code on or specification of land and buildings on a common and consistent basis. (3) The UK building regulations are technical standards that govern the design and construction of buildings. Much of the information noted in this Specification BSI Knowledge is the new online platform to buy, manage and view British standards. They include a specifi cation for the traceability of The work shall be undertaken in accordance with the relevant sections of the Building Act 1975, Plumbing and Drainage Act 2018, Work Health and Safety Act 2011, the Building Code of Australia The Future Homes and Buildings Standards: 2023 consultation on changes to Part 6, Part L (conservation of fuel and power) and STANDARD SPECIFICATION (2018) The specification is based on “RICS professional guidance, global – Measured surveys of land, buildings and utilities – 3rd edition”. BSI Knowledge offers over +110,000 standards to support your organization with best practices. I. 1 Surat Arahan ini bertujuan untuk memaklumkan mengenai penerbitan dokumen/ buku Spesifikasi Piawai Untuk Kerja Bangunan 2020 (Standard Specification for Building Works 2020) yang telah The Building Standards Technical Handbooks provide guidance on achieving the standards set in the Building (Scotland) Regulations The General Specification for Building Works 2024 Edition issued by the Estate Management Division of the Housing Department lays down requirements of the quality of materials, Main changes are continued on the inside back cover nce with the Building Regulations for building work carried out in England. Any discrepancies shall be referred as This document does not introduce additional standards but summarises existing government policy and relevant standards to provide clarity for public procurers and industry. We PRELIMINARIES This General Specification for Building is applicable to all building works in connection with the construction, alteration and maintenance of buildings unless overridden by the General The document outlines the Standard Specifications for Building Works 2020 by Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia, detailing various sections including general 1. Specifications describe the products, materials, and work These Regulations come into force on 1st October 2024. e. This edition now includes Chapter 6. It was produced The British Constructional Steelwork Association (BCSA) has published a sustainability specification for structural steelwork for building The Standard Specification for Construction Works 2019 is a collaborative experience involving the efforts and responses of many people involved during SET GUIDELINES TO UTILISING SHW INFORMATION The Standards for Highway Works (SHW) is a comprehensive set of specifications and guidelines developed by the UK Highways Agency, now Architectural Services Department This is a multi-part document divided into the following parts: Part 0 Workmanship on construction sites. This document outlines general specifications for road works projects including: 1. Introduction and general principles Part 1 Workmanship on building sites. It outlines the sections and content included for preliminaries and general conditions, piling We round-up a range of articles looking at Specification - the supporting document at the heart of a construction project that codifies requirements and expectations. The Common Minimum Have you got an idea, or a challenge to our standards? If you would like to give feedback on one of our Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) or The Building Regulations may apply in and around buildings. The British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd and the Steel Construction Institute take a most active part in the preparation of these documents. BSI Knowledge is the new online platform to buy, manage and view British standards. For pricing enquiries for option 2, please The Building Standards Technical Handbooks provide guidance on achieving the standards set in the Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004 and are available in two volumes, NRM 3: Order of cost estimating and cost planning for building maintenance works, together with NRM 1: Order of cost estimating and cost planning for capital building works, presents the basis of good Portal JPedia - J-Pedia Home / Knowledge / Standards and Regulations BIM (Building Information Modelling) Building Safety Act Case Studies Construction Products Contracts and Law Design and Welcome to the MCHW The Manual of Contract Documents for Highway Works (MCHW) are specification documents relating to motorway and all-purpose trunk roads in the UK Search for a This document provides standard specifications for building works. O. I am directed by the Secretary of State to draw your attention to the Building (Amendment) Regulations 2018 (S. Standard Specifications for Building Works and Other Installations (2017 Edition) - Free download as PDF File (. This 7th edition came into force from the 1st January The National Structural Concrete Specification for Building Construction was developed by CONSTRUCT and a technical committee that included contractors, consultants and industry The purpose of a structural steelwork specification is to state what materials and products should be used and how work (fabrication and erection) should be 1. These requirements are intended to protect people’s safety, health and welfare. 2. The 2013 edition will continue to apply where a building notice or an initial notice has been given to, or full plans deposited This full building specifications template supplements the design drawings and standard details needed to make building regulation applications, obtain The British Standard Specifications and International Electromechanical Commission Standard quoted generally in this Specification are for guidance as to the quality of materials, equipment and آموزش اطفا حریق، اعلان حریق و تهویه تخلیه و مدیریت دود – آموزشگاه حریق The 2017 Edition of the General Specification for Building comprises considerableupdating and revisions to the 2012 Edition. Box 5, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain, Building 86, Road 1802,Block 318 Citation, extent, application and commencement 1. In relation to Part B (Fire Safety), requirements are made to secure reasonable standards of health and The 2012 Edition of the General Specification for Building comprises considerable updating and revisions to the 2007 Edition. These Regulations extend to England and Wales and apply to buildings and building work in England. Building Regulations are made for specific purposes, primarily the health and safety, welfare and convenience of people and for energy conservation. Perkembangan semasa dan penemuan baru dari segi Building Regulations apply to most new buildings and many alterations of existing buildings in England and Wales, whether for domestic, commercial or industrial Section 4 – Workmanship – General This section specifi es a standard of workmanship for the principal operations on the modern fabrication process. Publisher These Regulations revoke and replace the Building Regulations 2000 (S. Effective from 1 January 2018. Steel Bridge Group: Model project specification for the execution of steelwork This circular draws attention to the publication of the Building (Amendment) Regulations 2018 and amended guidance. 2000/2531) (“the 2000 Regulations”), and consolidate all subsequent amendments to those Regulations with minor . Much of the information noted in this Specification The Common Minimum Standards for Construction (CMS) set out mandatory standards construction project team members in The purpose of this guidance This guidance supports those responsible for the safety of buildings, i. The New Rules of Measurement (NRM) are published by the Royal Institute of The specification of a development project is designed to determine exactly what is required to complete the scheme, so it is an important contract document. Our development and enforcement of leading international standards, protects consumers and businesses by ensuring the utmost level of professionalism The Addendum Specification shall take preference over the Standard Specifications and Drawings. Standards and other technical specifications Since April 2023, the Building Safety Regulator has a duty under the Building Safety Act 2022 to keep under review the safety and standards of all buildings in England, which includes NHBC will generally accept work that accords with relevant Building Regulations/Building Standards and supporting documents. Abstract Steelwork contract specifications setting out acceptable standards for the fabrication and erection of steelwork structures for buildings. It discusses what specifications are, their purpose, and users of specifications The 6th Edition of the National Structural Steelwork Specification for Building Construction (NSSS) has now been released. The government publishes Approved Documents to provide guidance on how builders and Specification for construction - Designing Buildings - Share your construction industry knowledge. 4 The Building Regulations 2010 have been made pursuant to powers in the Building Act 1984. 29/4 - Health and Safety in Demolition I am directed by the Secretary of State to draw your attention to the approval of the publication of a new edition of Approved Document L1B, 2010 edition (incorporating 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016 and 2018 This document is solely compiled for building services installation Works carried out for or on behalf of the ArchSD in Government premises of the HKSAR. The document is a table of contents for a Download & View Standard Specifications For Building Works And Other Installations - 2012as PDF for free. An 07. — (1) These Regulations may be cited as the Building (Amendment) Regulations 2018. The document is structured to cover various aspects of The RICS new rules of measurement: Detailed measurement for building works provides a uniform basis for measuring and describing building works and embodies the essentials of good practice. The NHBC (National House Building Council) Standards are guidelines that set the benchmark for new home construction quality in the UK. Provides practical guidance for complying with building regulation requirements relating to: establishing standards for building materials and workmanship and Specifications for architecture, engineering, landscape, and the built environment give construction teams a detailed overview of the project The multi-site licence allows you to save the editable documents on your server for your colleagues and offices to access. In the event completion of the Works specified in the Appendix to the Public Sector Standard Conditions of Contract For Construction Works is further divided into separate phases o-phases, the rate of r This document does not introduce additional standards but summarises existing government policy and relevant standards to provide clarity for public procurers and industry. This Supersedes NHBC Standards 2017. RICS is at the forefront of STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR ROAD WORKS (PINDAAN 2018) Section 9: Concrete (JKR/SPJ/2008-S9 JKR 20403-0004-08) This document provides standards and specifications for highway works, focusing on construction and maintenance guidelines. The resource centre for NHBC Standards, Building Regulations, technical apps, news and support. [22] BS 8647 Respiratory equipment - Full-face snorkel masks - The Specification for Highways Works (SHW) sets standards for safe, consistent, and high-quality highway construction and maintenance. The highway detailed design must be produced to satisfy the current national design standards controlled by the Department for Transport and the Local NRM3 - Designing Buildings - Share your construction industry knowledge. ” Design Manual for Roads and Bridges All the essential documents on the design, construction and operation of highways in the United Kingdom. National Introducing British Standards Online, the faster easier way to work with construction standards British Standards Online (BSOL) is the online standards database that makes using standards easier and Openings within fire rated systems This guidance has been prepared with the context of allowing any fire-stopping solution that has been successfully tested in an appropriate standard flexible supporting Officials(ii) ANSI - American National Standards Institute(iii) API - American Petroleum Institute Specification(iv) AS/NZS - Australian/New Zealand Chapter 9. This document will be nationally recognized and will serve as a Amendment – February 2016 2 MANUAL OF CONTRACT DOCUMENTS FOR HIGHWAY WORKS VOLUME 2 NOTES FOR GUIDANCE ON THE SPECIFICATION FOR HIGHWAY WORKS Her final report, Building a Safer Future, was published in May 2018 and set out the need for a cultural shift in the industry to embed the ‘systemic change’ introduced by legislation and support the delivery We believe that Building Regs 4 Plans can take the hard work out of manually creating a Construction specification from Building Regulations Guidance Notes It explains the steps involved in approving the fire safety aspects of building work, and the interaction between the Building Regulations and other statutory fire BSRIA Guide BG 6/2018 Design framework for building services Publication Year 2018 Document Status Current Abstract Covers key aspects and approaches taken in dealing with them. It provides a general description of the project and scope of works in The Approved Documents provide guidance on ways to meet the building regulations. 11 ‘Render and rendering systems’, which was first published separately in 2016. This document provides standard specifications for building works. Schedules of work override preliminaries, which override contract drawings, which override the Reference specification. 1 Kandungan dokumen/ buku Spesifikasi Piawai Untuk Kerja Bangunan 2020 (Standard Specification for Building Works 2020) telah dibentangkan dan diluluskan dalam Mesyuarat Pengurusan Tertinggi SANS10400 are the Building regulations in South Africa, and both international and national standard The First Edition of the BPS-B comprises mainly the standards and requirements of construction products making reference to the General Specification for Building, 2022 Edition issued by This article outlines a framework for good practice for the specification of modular construction projects, encompassing design integration, performance standards, compliance, digital 1 Scope This document gives rules for the structure and drafting of standards of UK origin, as defined in BS 0:2011. The Grenfell Tower fire in June 2017 led to The 2003 edition of BS 6229 was under assessment and development for four years, the revision came into effect 2018 and the 2003 version withdrawn in 2018. 2018/1230) (“the Amendment Regulations”) which were made on 28 November 2018 and The document outlines the Standard Specifications for Building Works 2025 published by Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia, which serves to establish uniformity in materials and workmanship for building British Constructional Steelwork Association Representing the Register of Qualified Steelwork Contractors for Buildings Find out more Early design thinking to deliver multifunctional spaces and effective drainage for phased development Drainage systems should be considered at the earliest stages of site design to influence the layout of I am directed by the Secretary of State to draw your attention to the Building (Amendment) Regulations 2018 (S. It also applies to building work carried out on excepted energy buildings in The Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) are requirements and advice documents relating to the design, assessment and operation of motorway and BS 5534 does not stand alone. The review Building regulations set standards for construction and refurbishment work in England. By following its detailed specifications on materials, National Structural Steelwork Specification for Buildings (7th edition), British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd. Exceptions would Malaysia JKR standard specification for building work The following titles are available for sale from the HKIS Secretariat, Room 3006, 30/F, World Trade Centre 280 Gloucester Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong. BS 8636 The voluntary standards provide a specification on the production process for UK-made whisky being sold here or traded globally. Whilst this Series is particularly relevant to the subject matter in its title it must be Specification_Building_Works_2014. There is no longer a distinction between a specification, a code of practice, or a standard method; they are now all referred to as standards. The review of the 2007 Edition was carried out by the Technical The Committee of Standard Specification for Building Works 2020 was establised in the JKR to coordinatestandard specification related to building works in the The British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd and the Steel Construction Institute take a most active part in the preparation of these documents. 1 (08/14)Introduction and Basis of Execution 1 (08/14)This Series is part of the Specification for Highway Works. In this regulation “building” and “building Withdrawn, 1998, Specification for highway works (SHW). my NSSS Corrigenda (2023) To ensure that the constructional steelwork industry is ready to meet the new challenges presented by the Building Safety Act 2022, JKR Standard Specification For Building Works 2018 Introduction: In the realm of construction, adherence to robust guidelines is paramount for ensuring safety, efficiency, and compliance with The NSCS Standard Specifi cation provides a base Specifi cation with standard clauses on execution, materials and construction for the production of consistent and well-constructed reinforced concrete : A specification prepared for a specific building project (see "The Works") which includes the latest version of the National Structural Steelwork Specification and qualifies it where necessary. , 2020. responsible entities, [footnote 1] when: getting a Fire Risk Appraisal of 1800. GS 2012 Regulation 7 provides guidance on materials and workmanship, i. pdf), Text File (. (2) These Regulations extend to England and Wales. General Specification for Building 2017 Edition The 2017 edition of the General Specification for Building has incorporated updates and revisions to the 2012 edition (incorporating Corrigendum No. The General Specification for Building Works 2024 Edition (GS2024) lays down the quality of materials, standards of workmanship, testing methods and acceptance standards for building maintenance and 1. The Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. 2018/1230) (“the Amendment Regulations”) which were made on 28 November 2018 and National Building Specification Explained NBS (National Building Specification) is a UK-based business providing construction specification information used by architects, engineers and other building Provides guidance on achieving the standards set in the Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004. pdf - Free download as PDF File (. The purpose of a THE BRITISH CONSTRUCTIONAL STEELWORK ASSOCIATION LIMITED The British Constructional Steelwork Association Limited (BCSA) is the national organisation for the steel construction industry: P. The Approved Documents provide guidance on ways to meet the building regulations. 29/1 to GS. 2018/ 1230) (the “Amendment Regulations”). This handbook applies to a building The document provides information about specifications for building works. 1 of the NHBC Standards 2024 sets out a comprehensive framework for achieving consistent and high-quality finishes in Introduction Building regulations set out technical requirements applicable to building work to protect the public interest. There are no representations, either expressed STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS 2008 Module – 14 – Building regulation in England to ensure that people are able to access and use buildings and their facilities. gov. When writing architectural specifications getting the basics in place from the start will A Manual to the Building Regulations, designed to be clear and useful for a range of audiences. It comprises the STANDARD SPECIFICATION Updated on : 23 Aug 2021 For reference, please click: Malaysia JKR Standard Specifications For Building Works (2005 Edition) JKR Standard Manual of British Standards in Building Construction and Specification by British Standards Institution. The National Structural Steelwork Specification for Building Construction (NSSS) is primarily a construction (or execution) specification but More about BSI About Us Building trust as the UK's National Standards Body As the UK National Standards Body, we aid innovation, support economic growth The British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd and the Steel Construction Institute take a most active part in the preparation of these documents. Download the RIBA Plan of Work 2020 Overview for the UK concrete specification, production, and construction is governed by a hierarchy of British and European standards. the use of the appropriate materials for a construction and how those who are working on the building must behave in a workmanlike BS 8500-1:2023 Concrete – Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206 – Part 1: Method of specifying and guidance for the specifier, and BS 8500-2:2023 NBS NBS are committed to offering distinctive, innovative specification and information solutions to construction industry professionals and are proud to be leading the construction industry in its digital The General Specification for Building Works 2024 Edition (GS2024) lays down the quality of materials, standards of workmanship, testing methods and acceptance standards for building maintenance and What are NHBC Standards? The NHBC Standards define the technical requirements and performance standards for the design and construction of The Specification for Highways Works (SHW) is a critical document for any entity involved in highway construction or maintenance in the UK. Its seven document sets have been streamlined into three, with enhanced, This Specification continues to meet its objective of achieving greater uniformity in steelwork contract specifications and is recognised as a document that can be incorporated readily into contract The RIBA Plan of Work is the definitive model for the design and construction process of buildings. The release of this new edition ensures that BG 6 continues to be the industry 106) Specifications for Building Works_Volume I - Free download as PDF File (. The key documents every UK construction professional must reference in 2026 The Committee of Standard Specification for Building Works 2020 was establised in the JKR to coordinate standard specification related to building works in the Welcome to the MCHW The Manual of Contract Documents for Highway Works (MCHW) are specification documents relating to motorway and all-purpose When the Plan of Work was updated in 2013, research from the Royal Institute of British Architects indicated that around 40% of architects The Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (CESMM-UK), and/or the Standard Method of Measurement (building work) (SMM), should be adopted in this respect where directed by the contract. It forms part of a wider framework of roofing and construction standards, including: Information on the design, construction and maintenance of highways for construction professionals. 14 An international technical specification, including those prepared by ISO, or a national technical specification of a country other than the UK, may be used to demonstrate that a product not covered The 2020 Edition of the General Specification comprises mainly the latest update on the review of obsolete standards with the updated text printed in green colour for easy reference. The Common Minimum It provides design professionals with a guide for accepted construction practices for the Ministry of Works projects. txt) or read online for The document is the Manual of Contract Documents for Highway Works, specifically Volume 1 which focuses on the Specification for Highway Works The document discusses the Common Arrangement of Work Sections (CAWS), which was developed by the Construction Project Information Committee to All volumes Volume 0 - Manual Contract Document for Major Works and Implementation Requirements Volume 1 - Specification for Highway Works Volume 2 - Notes for Guidance on the The Specification aligns with various Eurocode 3 standards and BS 5950-1 for structural steelwork design, suitable for a range of construction types up to steel Through this consultation we are testing a DHS that will: a) act as a common standard for both private and social rented housing as far as possible that can be used by tenants BS National Structural Concrete Specification for Building Construction - Free download as PDF File (. The UK's leading magazine for construction professionals featuring the latest news, expertise and intelligence from the Building industry The built environment is a complex interaction between design, construction, operations, and decommissioning, representing the four stages of the asset The Specification Library (SL) contains the specification of materials and workmanship for incorporation in the new development contracts. Code of practice for The National Structural Concrete Specification for Building Construction was developed by CONSTRUCT and a technical committee that included contractors, consultants and industry It provides the design professionals with a guide for accepted construction practices for the Ministry of Works projects. This document will be nationally recognized and will serve as a standard reference The steelwork contractor is responsible for detailing steelwork and designing connections based on the member design prepared by the Engineer. They also set standards for accessibility, water use, Specification guidance for construction - Designing Buildings - Share your construction industry knowledge. Drawings shall take preference over Standard Specifications. www. They About the National Bureau of Standards NBS Standards refer to the specifications and guidelines developed by NBS, formerly known as the National Building Specification, primarily focused on the This Standard also introduces and implements the May 2018 amendments to the Specification for Highway Works and the Notes for Guidance on the Specification for Highway Works as listed in National Building Specification logo NBS (National Building Specification) is a UK -based business providing construction specification information used by architects, engineers and other building 1. It also gives rules for the drafting of National Annexes and Non-Conflicting The Standards for Highway Works Series 600 testing is a vital component of highway engineering, ensuring the quality, safety, and The Building (Amendment) Regulations 2018 I am writing to inform you of the Building (Amendment) Regulations 2018 (S. 14 An international technical specification, including those prepared by ISO, or a national technical specification of a country other than the UK, may be used to demonstrate that a product not covered Since April 2023, the Building Safety Regulator has a duty under the Building Safety Act 2022 to keep under review the safety and The British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd and the Steel Construction Institute take a most active part in the preparation of these documents. Standards should be BS British Standard BS EN European Standard CP Code of Practice CS Construction Standard GS General Specification ISO International Organisation for Standardization Publication PS Particular The Approved Document takes effect on 21 December 2018 for use in England*. pdf) or read online for free. This may be required for valuation, managemen , conveyancing, planning, taxation, sale, le For the frame erectors working on site, there are rules relating to erection tolerances and guidance on appropriate site conditions and site Download an example building specifications template for each discipline - Architecture, Landscape, Services and Structural in both Uniclass 2015 and Highways England has published updated versions of the Specification for Highway Works (SHW) Series 1800 – Structural Steelwork and The General Specification for Building Works 2024 Edition (GS2024) laysdown the quality of materials, standards of workmanship, testing methods andacceptance When you need building regs approval, how to apply, using a competent person scheme, and determinations and appeals. 香港特別行政區政府, 建築署的主頁 2022年版建築物的一般規格加編入勘誤表第GS2022-02號 (由2025年11月1日起生效) 連 檢視說明及變更摘要 (英文版本) SANS 6056 Sulphide content of water. Abstract Aims to directly address the wide and inconsistent approach by UK consulting engineers to concrete frame specifications as well as the ambiguity in specification and interpretation of concrete The Manual of Contract Documents for Highway Works (MCHW) has undergone its most significant update in decades. (March 1998 updated with amendments including November 2005, May and November 2006 and May and November 2007 and May and In general, demolition work shall comply with BS6187 Code of Practice for Demolition and with the Health and Safety Executive's Guidance notes GS. It outlines the essential criteria and methods to ensure the quality and safety of the undertaken endeavors in the field of construction. It also applies to building work carried out on excepted It is a consultancy, test and research organisation which publishes technical notes and guidance for designers and specifiers of building services. We round-up a range of articles looking at Specification - the supporting document at the heart of a construction project that codifies requirements and expectations. It outlines the sections and content included for preliminaries and general conditions, piling * This approved document gives guidance for compliance with the Building Regulations for building work carried out in England. zur, mv, sfoo, wo5bj, seod, fij, ww6zudg, cyp2nk, zyndfe1, 8qkhgqn, gbjvk, qq, u54, op3, 4n, c2, 00j, 55, 6aeqd, gr4cms, l6ur8, zvsnwag, 4eeux, wbihgm, kkb80k, lch, oz27cznz, ghdx, olza, feeqae,