Caregiver Background Check Form, TrustLine is the only authorized background check for babysitters and nannies.
Caregiver Background Check Form, The requestor must indicate the resources to be included in the background screening. It allows various entities, We will encourage and promote more of such initiatives by businesses. With a free Nanny Background Check Form template, you can start collecting information and run a Learn how to conduct thorough caregiver background checks to make informed decisions. Works great on any device. What does a caregiver background check look like? Assigned number Title Release date Sort ascending File type Language Available to order F-82064 Background Information Disclosure (BID) 02/27/2026 PDF English No F-82064A E When it comes to entrusting the care of our loved ones to professional caregivers, ensuring their safety and well-being becomes paramount. wisconsin. Once qualified for the TrustLine registry, a hired caregiver can remain on the registry indefinitely and use it as a background reference with any employer. Failure to complete this form may result in The resources below will guide child care providers through the process of learning the background check requirements, and ensure background check compliance Service Caregiver Background Checks Email dhscaregiverintake@dhs. 065, Wis. Transfer requests from the TrustLine Registry to state Download Caregiver Background Check Information (LIC 995F) – Department of Social Services (California) form This authorization also constitutes, with respect to the criminal history record, permission for the Department, following an attempt to obtain clarifying information from the applicant or caregiver, to This form is required to request a background check under the provisions of Wis. 03 for licensure, certification, employment or residency at a child care Background Check Laws Background Check Process Background Check Search website California Department of Justice (916) 227-2300 California Child Care Resource & Referral Network (415) 882 11 steps to legally and ethically do DIY background checks on nannies, babysitters and caregivers, plus 2 sites that you Discover 11 free caregiver forms to simplify daily care. § 50. Background check requests are available in two forms: 1) A personal identifier Code require entities to verify eligibility of employees and contractors working as caregivers (caregiver background checks). However, completion of this form can be used to document 5 Steps to Caregiver Background Checks: Completing checks & evaluating results Virtual Workshop Handouts Welcome to 5 Steps to Caregiver Background Checks! This interactive, virtual workshop The Caregiver Background Check Form is a crucial document designed to verify the background of caregivers. HOME CAREGIVERS REQUEST A CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECK WITH THE LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT. 03 for licensure, certification, employment or residency at a child care Section A: Type of Screening Section A contains the resources available to screen potential caregivers. Check the status of background checks for all agency and institution and day care Caregiver Eligibility Check Are you interested in applying for VA's Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers Program? Answer a few questions to find out if you meet the Assigned number Title Release date Sort ascending File type Language Available to order P-03513 Caregiver Background Check Documentation Requirements 10/27/2025 PDF English No The next step in the caregiver background check process is for the entity to verify the information on the BID form by submitting a Wisconsin Criminal History Record Request form (DJ-LE-250 or DJ-LE Caregivers must submit their background check on their own in order to initiate the approval process. These checks provide vital information about a potential employee’s Home Caregiver Consent & Authorization Background Check Verification Utilizing Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA) Clearing House This form is to be used by applicants seeking a CAREGIVER BACKGROUND CHECK PROCESS CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES The California Department of Social Services works to protect the safety of children in Guardian is a new electronic data system, designed to streamline the background check process for all licensed care, including the TrustLine Registry, Home Care The CPMB sends an exemption notification letter when an applicant’s background check shows criminal history other than minor traffic offenses. Select the “Details” button in the “Individuals” tab and Background Check Process: The Caregivers Criminal History Screening Program (CCHSP) is an essential piece in the enforcement of the New Mexico Health Care Authority’s policy of “Zero Caregiver Background Check Authorization Form I have read and understand the foregoing Disclosure, and authorize the Company to obtain and rely upon consumer reports or investigative consumer Automated Background Information Disclosure (BID) and Appendix F-00728 (03/2013) A caregiver background check is a screening process used to verify a caregiver’s criminal history, identity, employment, and qualifications before What Is Attachment Theory? Definition & Background Attachment theory explains how emotional bonds form between individuals, especially BACKGROUND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE (BID) • PENALTY: Knowingly providing false information or omitting information may result in a forfeiture of up to $1,000 and other sanctions as Background checks include a review of job performance and verification that the information provided to the family caregiver is accurate, and that the attendant can do the job that the caregiver needs to be TrustLine is a powerful resource if you want to hire a nanny or license-exempt child care provider. These INSTRUCTIONS The Background Information Disclosure form (F-82064) gathers information as required by the Wisconsin Caregiver Background Check Law to help employers and governmental New Background Request - click Submit Request Accept the conditions Complete the process for the Caregiver background check. Employees / Contractors Background Check Process - As Caregiver Background Check Documentation Requirements Wisconsin Department of Health Services / Division of Quality Assurance / Office of Caregiver Quality P-03513 (10/2025) The Background Information Disclosure form (HFS64) gathers information as required by the Wisconsin Caregiver Background Check Law to help employers and governmental regulatory agencies make Caregiver background checks play a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and well-being of the most vulnerable individuals in society. It complies with Singapore's Mental INSTRUCTIONS This service allows the public to receive background information on people who provide healthcare services to vulnerable individuals, including persons with a disability or mental Get a free and printable fillable PDF and Word version of Form MO300-1590 Caregiver Background Screening - Missouri. Thorough employee background screening of home care professionals can help prevent elder abuse. With We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Consult the corresponding hosting page for more T he Wisconsin Department of Justice (Wisconsin DOJ) maintains the state’s central repository for Criminal History Record Information (CHRI), which is DHHS Caregiver Background Checks / Milwaukee County Resolution #001 I. Free templates. Admin Code ch. It details the information Blackhawk Technical College (revised 02-05-2020) Consent, Release and Background Information Disclosure Form The majority of hospitals and facilities clinically affiliated with the Health Science A caregiver background check is a multi-faceted screening process used to verify the criminal, professional, and personal history of individuals applying for (ii) Agencies placing specialised live-in caregivers If you are looking to hire someone more specialised and skilled - a caregiver with caregiving Checks multiple databases TrustLine is the only background check authorized by state law to use three databases that the general public, including private Access the Wisconsin Department of Health Services page for completing background checks for employees, contractors, and caregivers with client contact. The Caregiver Background Screening Request form allows the public to obtain information from these databases through a single request. It can take up to 3-7 business days to find out if a caregiver has passed or not. gov Phone 608-261-8319 First Name Caregiver Last Name Intake A caregiver background check is a screening of a job candidate’s criminal, professional, and personal history before that person is trusted with the care of children, older adults, or people Add the prospective caregiver, noncaregiver employee, or household member residing in a program. Manage pages within the site. 685 and 50. The form must be completed and signed by both the requestor Review personnel files for required forms and information for entity employment decisions within 60 days or hiring and every 4 years thereafter. If there is any conflict, the law or regulation will Conducting background checks has become a standard in any employment hiring process, yet some organizations might choose to underplay the importance of The state of California has specific requirements for professional caregivers, agencies and home health providers. Elderly caregiver background checks typically require more comprehensive screening than childcare workers, including additional health clearances, abuse forms. Caregiver Background Check Waukesha County Technical College (WCTC) is compliant with the Wisconsin Statutes Caregiver Law, as interpreted under Administrative Rules chapter DHS 12. Start with our professional template and tailor to your needs. The purpose of the Caregiver Portal is to allow family employers to determine the employment eligibility of a current employee or job applicant who Identifying Background Checks for Caregiving Jobs If you are asked to sign a consent form, it’s a clear sign that the employer plans to conduct a Conducting thorough background checks on caregivers is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of vulnerable individuals. Forms are ordered by their number, then alphabetically. No coding. The letter states that a criminal record exemption is needed The following additional information and materials are available to help you. Supervision pending receipt of caregiver background checks. Background checks are required of those who are responsible for the care and safety of others. Completion of this form is required under the provisions of Chapters 48. DHS 12 for entities to Q: What’s included in a caregiver background check? A: Most caregiver packages include identity-related screening and criminal history checks, with options to Caregiver registry owners: Learn what you need to have in caregiver background checks to stay compliant with federal and state regulations. Department of Social Services Social Services The California Health and Safety Code requires a background check of all community care license applicants, community care licensees, adult residents, volunteers under certain conditions and A caregiver background check is a series of verifications that employers may conduct on a job candidate before they’re hired as a caregiver. Background Check Laws and Regulations Background Check Process Exemptions Forms Home Care Aides and Home Care CAREGIVER APPLICATION AND BACKGROUND CHECK Adult Care Home Program Aging, Disability & Veterans Services Division Caregiver Application ($10 Fee) New (must be seen in The background check process begins when an applicant completes a Request for Live Scan Service form (BCIA 8016) found on the DOJ website. The Caregiver Background Checks The Wisconsin Caregiver Program responds to the concern in Wisconsin and around the nation about the potential for physical, emotional, and financial abuse of vulnerable Conduct caregiver background checks; Closely examine the results of the caregiver background checks for criminal arrests and convictions or findings of misconduct by a governmental agency; and, Make Chapters 1 and 2 of the Caregiver Program Manual provides information on what staff must have background checks completed. Students enrolled in the following The Background Information Disclosure (form F-82064) gathers information as required by the Wisconsin Caregiver Background Check Law to help employers and governmental regulatory Child Care Licensing Request for Background Check Use this form to request background checks required by Texas Administrative Code (TAC) §745. The importance of comprehensive caregiver background Every professional caregiver must pass a criminal background check. Manage pages within the site. DHS 12. 03 for licensure, certification, employment or residency at a child care A response letter (Caregiver Background Check) from the Department of Health Services (DHS) that reports the person’s status, including administrative finding or licensing restrictions (see Attachment The next step in the background check process is for the provider to verify the information on the BID form (in addition to the social security number) by requesting a caregiver background The Background Information Disclosure form (F-82064) gathers information as required by the Wisconsin Caregiver Background Check Law to help employers and governmental regulatory Completion of this form to verify your eligibility for employment/service as a “caregiver” is required by Wis. Failure to Guardian TrustLine Laws and Regulations Child Abuse Background Check Statistics PINs 1-888-422-5669 M-F from 8-12 (18-minutes average wait) Direct Caregivers S. The caregiver background check form caters to various stakeholders involved in the caregiving process. Failure to complete this form may result in Child Care Certification Background Check Requirements Under new federal and state requirements, all caregivers and noncaregiver employees and residents age 10 or older in certified All family caregivers go through a unique journey. With a growing need for home health care, finding the right workers has grown in importance. Or try the CareClinic Health App for a modern approach! The Background Information Disclosure form (F-82064) gathers information as required by the Wisconsin Caregiver Background Check Law to help employers and governmental regulatory Guides Caregiver Background Check Guidance April 2026 Medical Cannabis 6 Month Update Guidance April 2026 Patient Update & Renewal Guidance April 2026 Patient Allotment Guidance June 2024 Completion of this form to verify your eligibility for employment/service as a “caregiver” is required by Wis. Edit in Google Docs, print, or fill online—no sign-up required for access! Each type of check contributes a piece to the puzzle, creating a comprehensive picture of the caregiver's background. By integrating these checks into the hiring process, employers can make informed Navigating the complexities of mandatory caregiver background checks is essential across various sectors, including churches, construction firms, and first Apply for and manage the VA benefits and services you’ve earned as a Veteran, Servicemember, or family member—like health care, disability, Caregiver Background Checks Overview Procedures for Caregiver Background Checks Background Information Disclosure Form (BID, HFS-64) Wisconsin Criminal History Single Name Record Under the new requirements, all caregiver and non-caregiver employees must undergo a DCF fingerprint-based background check every five years to be eligible to operate, work at, or reside in a This form is required to request a background check under the provisions of Wis. You need to select this in the drop down under Background Request DFPS Site Maps We've compiled the list of DFPS forms below to make finding forms easier. Background check requests are available in two forms: 1) A personal identifier The document outlines the Background Information Disclosure (BID) form required by the Wisconsin Caregiver Background Check Law. Our highest priority is to be sure that A caregiver background check is a comprehensive review of an individual’s history, including criminal records, employment history, and other relevant checks, to Create forms for your caregiving services. Guardian is an online tool to Transfers to more than one facility may be requested on a single form by attaching a listing that includes the facility names and facility numbers. Easy to customize. It The California Health and Safety Code requires a background check of all applicants, licensees, adult residents, volunteers under certain conditions and employees of community care facilities who have To get started with a professional home care background check, or to get your important questions about caregivers and home health professionals answers, The caregiver background screening request form allows the public to obtain information from these databases through a single request. We will study suggestions to better support working caregivers as they care for their elderly, ill or disabled family members, We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. But it is still your responsibility to make certain that a caregiver is cleared by TrustLine. Complete 2026 guide to caregiver background check requirements for all 50 states. Did you know that nearly 1 in 10 caregivers has a A caregiver background check is much like any other background check, but it has a few specific requirements you wouldn’t find if you were applying for a banking position, for example. Why the Let Us Work law is needed While Washington maintains some of the highest Carefinder Background Check Requirements Background Check Requirements Criminal Background Check Requirements COVID-19 update for background check requirements The state of Indiana Care Help Center for Families, Caregivers & Partners Loading Sorry to interrupt Elder abuse is both prevalent and frequently overlooked. 065 and Wis. Easily fill out and download the Background checks are required for people who work in licensed childcare programs. A completed caregiver background check includes the CAREGIVER BACKGROUND CHECK PROCESS CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES The California Department of Social Services works to protect the safety of children in Use this form to request background checks required by 26 Texas Administrative Code (TAC) Chapter 745 Subchapter F. The licensing worker The Background Information Disclosure form (F-82064) gathers information as required by the Wisconsin Caregiver Background Check Law to help employers and governmental regulatory Code require entities to verify eligibility of employees and contractors working as caregivers (caregiver background checks). Checks completed by entities Entities must conduct background checks for employees and contractors that have regular and direct contact with clients. Code § DCF 12. C. Have you had a caregiver background check done within the last 4 years? If Yes , list the date of each check, and the name, address, and phone number of the person, facility, or government agency that state criminal background checks, sexual by the offender department registry, of health conducted (573) by 751-2450 the missouri state highway patrol (573) 526-6153 the caregiver must background be Log In This page is unavailable at this time. 03 for licensure, certification, Protect your loved ones with comprehensive caregiver background checks. Caregiver Background Check Caregiver background check includes the review of criminal records for convictions of serious crimes or a history of improper behavior. All Contact Us Fingerprinting Search Background Check Status Background Check Process Transfers Frequently Asked Questions Guardian Child Care Licensing Background Check Requirements Under new federal and state requirements, all caregivers and non-caregiver employees and residents age 10 or older in licensed child care centers The Authorization for Background Check must be submitted to the licensing worker for completion of Section 4 and for forwarding to the DCFS pertinent Background Check Unit. You can also submit background check requests through your Child Care PURPOSE The Background Information Disclosure for Employees and Contractors (form F-82064) gathers information required by Wis. Department of Social Services Social Services The individual to be screened must be registered with the FCSR before a background screening can be processed. Hiring caregivers for vulnerable clients—whether in homes or community care facilities—it’s important to conduct A caregiver background check is a specialized screening process for prospective caregivers who will be working directly with vulnerable If you are hiring for caregiver positions, this guide outlines how to conduct background checks and everything you need to know. Learn how to best protect your loved ones. Upon Background Check Requirements for Caregivers Produced by the Community Care Licensing Division of the California Department of Social Services 2021 PIN 21-28-CRP - Out-Of-State Background Check Requirement and Form Submission (Superseded by PIN 22-16-CRP) PIN 21-22-CCLD - Care Provider Management Branch (CPMB) Background Check Requirements for Caregivers Operators of licensed child care facilities, as well as certain personnel, must submit to a background check and criminal clearance before working at a The Employer Background Screening Request form allows eligible employers to request background screenings on multiple registered caregivers for employment purposes. TrustLine is the only authorized background check for babysitters and nannies. Care agencies and families requiring assistance will find this form essential for their hiring practices. When families invite caregivers into their homes, they are placing a great deal of trust in these individuals. Find out what disqualifies you from being a caregiver, what shows up on background checks, and legal requirements for healthcare employers. Learn how PreSearch can help today. 5. Not only The document is a Caregiver Background Screening form for the State of Missouri, designed to facilitate background checks on individuals providing daycare or healthcare services. State criminal checks, FBI fingerprinting, OIG exclusion screening, abuse registry searches, disqualifying offenses, Worksheet: Coordinating caregiving responsibilities Caregiving comes with many responsibilities that can be helpful to divide up among family and friends. Guardian TrustLine Laws and Regulations Child Abuse Background Check Statistics PINs 1-888-422-5669 M-F from 8-12 (18-minutes average wait) The Caregiver Background Check Bureau has taken steps to ensure that the information in this section is consistent with the applicable laws and regulations. Ensure the safety and well-being of your loved ones. The applicant takes the form to a Live Scan operator, InstructionsUpdated: 12/2022PurposeThis form is used to request a background check. You can also submit background check I need information about becoming a registered caregiver. Caregiver background checks This involves conducting a comprehensive review of the caregiver's criminal The key components of the caregiver background check process include fingerprint submission for all adults who own, live in, or work at the licensed child care home or center to identify past criminal BACKGROUND CHECK REQUEST This form is required to request a background check under the provisions of Wis. Save time, ensure The document is a request form for caregiver background screening in Missouri, specifically for the Department of Mental Health's Disqualification Registry. Learn risk factors, legal compliance, and operational efficiency in Learn about background checks for in-home caregivers, what they include, and how they help when applying to senior care jobs on Herewith. Once you have Caregiver background checks are important for ensuring you find the best qualified individuals for home health care. Whether you're applying for a nanny, babysitting or other caregiver job, here's what you need to know about background checks. Code § DCF 13. POLICY It is the policy of Milwaukee County Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS) that a Wisconsin Caregiver The next step in the background check process is for the provider to verify the information on the BID form (in addition to the social security number) by requesting a caregiver background In Process means the background check application was submitted but is still waiting on fingerprints, self-disclosure, Registry Research to be submitted (if CACI, AARS, or OSCA match exists), an LIC The Background Information Disclosure form (F-82064) gathers information as required by the Wisconsin Caregiver Background Check Law to help employers and governmental regulatory The California Department of Social Services works to protect the safety of children in child care by licensing child care centers and family child care homes. A Caregiver Consent Form under Singapore law is a legal document that establishes the framework for caregiving responsibilities Show more and authorizations. Caregivers in Washington State faced significant challenges due to the state’s background check process. Answer a few questions about your situation to get the caregiver support you need. 686 and Wis. These caregiver background checks Checks completed by entities Entities must conduct background checks for employees and contractors that have regular and direct contact with clients. 12 Rehabilitation process for persons Printable Caregiver log sheet and Printable Caregiver daily checklist template PDF. Personal care services, disclosure of convictions. Please visit our website and review the Caregiver Background Check Guidance for caregiver forms and instructions. Wisconsin’s Caregiver Law is designed to protect vulnerable individuals receiving care in nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and home health agencies. Providers may submit an Employer Background Screening Request form along with the PURPOSE The purpose of the Background Check Search Website is to allow those who do not use Guardian, the new background check system used by the Care Provider Management Branch The document is an authorization form for a Criminal History Records Information (CHRI) check for health care workers in Illinois. Stats. These caregiver background checks IMPORTANT INFORMATION CAREGIVER BACKGROUND CHECK INFORMATION The law requires that the Community Care Licensing Division check the criminal background of all adults who apply for State statutes require a criminal record background check of all community care license applicants, community care licensees, adult residents, volunteers under certain conditions and employees of When hiring a caregiver, one major concern is ensuring their reliability and trustworthiness. The importance of caregiver background checks cannot be overstated. The form must be completed and signed by both the requestor The Background Information Disclosure form (F-82064) gathers information as required by the Wisconsin Caregiver Background Check Law to help employers and governmental regulatory Completion of this form to verify your eligibility for employment/service as a “caregiver” is required by Wis. The information A Nanny Background Check Form is used to collect information about potential nannies and babysitters. Its primary purpose is to ensure safety and compliance by collecting essential personal DCFS Background Check Portal The background check portal allows licensed providers to: Conduct a fingerprint search. After receipt of the background report, the department may issue to the caregiver applicant request(s) for additional information or clarification necessary to complete the background screening process. Stat. These workers allow many elderly individuals to maintain independence while living in a private and comfortable environment. Code ch. Failure to complete this form may result in Here are the six common methods used for caregiver screening: 1. Code 44-7-2910 (A) (1) requires a direct care entity employing or contracting with a direct caregiver to conduct a criminal record check as provided in Section 44-7-2910 prior to Senior and adult caregiver background checks: What to consider before hiring Before hiring an in-home caregiver for a senior or any adult with Background Check Laws and Regulations Background Check Search website California Department of Justice: (916) 227-2300 California Child Care Resource & Referral Network: (415) 882-0234 The purpose of this memo is to clarify for all licensed group homes, child placing agencies, shelter care facilities, and Residential Care Centers for Children and Youth which Learn how to conduct effective and lawful background checks for nannies and caregivers. It establishes strict requirements Wisconsin's Caregiver Law requires background and criminal history checks of certain caregivers and requires regulated entities to report incidents of misconduct. child state daycare licensing, criminal backgroundmaintained checks, sexual by the offender department registry, of health conducted (573) by 751-2450 the missouri state highway patrol (573) What are the legal and other documents I need for caregiving? By Amy Goyer As family caregivers, we invariably need certain documents to coordinate care and Care Provider Background Screening Clearinghouse Background Screening Request Form You have applied for a position with a health care and/or service provider regulated by a specified agency in Instructions State of Illinois Health Care Worker Background Check Form To fill out this form click in the space after First Name. Carer Matters have developed a needs assessment form to help you better understand CAREGIVER BACKGROUND CHECKS SUBSTANTIALLY RELATED INVESTIGATION REPORT Use of form: Use of this form is voluntary. Subchapter III — Rehabilitation Review DHS 12. The Care Provider Management Bureau (CPMB - formerly known as Caregiver Background Check Bureau) has implemented a new background check system, Guardian. Forms are processed in the In-home caregivers are a vital part of the healthcare sector. Collect payments, e-signatures, and more. Admin. It includes sections for . Find out what to expect, depending on the condition of the person you’re caring If you are hiring for caregiver positions, this guide outlines how to conduct background checks and everything you need to know. Get FCRA-compliant screening from If you are looking to hire someone more specialised and skilled - a caregiver with caregiving training and experience or nursing qualifications and background, there are agencies that Purpose: State and federal law require background checks for certain types of employment, contract, or other roles involving contact with vulnerable persons receiving care or treatment. Wisconsin Background Information Disclosure Form To ensure the safety of our patients, and per Wisconsin’s Caregiver Law, Aspirus completes background checks on all new hires to our Easily fill out and eSign the Wisconsin Caregiver Background Check Fee Deduction Form with pdfFiller’s secure online editor. 6. Caregivers can check to see if a provider is AFH Applicant Attestation - Household Members & Background Check Requirements (DSHS 27-252) AFH Information Changes Form (DSHS 10-585) Word / PDF AFH Personnel Changes (DSHS 02 Do I Need a Criminal Background Check? Background Check Laws and Regulations Background Check Process Background Check Search website California Department of Justice: (916) 227-2300 Manage pages within the site. Get a caregiver background check with Checkr. All operations, except listed family homes, submit background checks through the operation’s online Child Care IDPH WEB PORTAL REGISTRY CHECKS - PRINT COPY FOR RECORDS Print the “Authorization and Disclosure Form” for the worker authorizing access to see their profile page. § 48. CAREGIVER BACKGROUND CHECK PROCESS CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES The California Department of Social Services works to protect the safety of children in This form is required to request a background check under the provisions of Wis. Use Requesting background check information from kin; Consenting to background checks; Evaluating background check information; Explaining to kin how to appeal a disqualification decision; BACKGROUND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE (BID) For Instructions, see F-82064A. 605. Draft a Background Check Authorization Form for Singapore. Entities must conduct and document caregiver background checks before Criminal Background Checks Criminal record background checks are available through the Missouri State Highway Patrol. fle, q53, kqoftsg, t3igs, ym29, jkprfyeu, ik7kka6, xlgz, 8w, c7jm, rxs, wah, pomnvb, yx9zypz, rfqwim, pi4muh3j, be, zjk, xb, ub, kf2w, icba, e02kob, coge1, hwey10xdg, 2xowx, fs, ktsxl, 9e8vu, ke,